목차

Part One. The Quantum Brain
Introduction: The Quantum Crisis

Ch. 1 Mind Out of Matter - The Machinery of the Fourth Brain
Ch. 2 Opening the Mind's Eye
Ch. 3 Death and Birth
Ch. 4 Teaching a Young Dog Old Tricks
Ch. 5 The Wet Net
Ch. 6 Spinning the Glass Fantastic
Ch. 7 The Game of Life, or How the Leopard Gets Its Spots
Ch. 8 By Your Bootstraps
Ch. 9 Is Man a Machine?

Part Two. Miracles
Ch. 10 The Insoluble Solution
Ch. 11 EPR: Wanted: Dead and Alive
Ch. 12 E Unus Pluribum - Out of One Mystery, Many
Ch. 13 Stranger in a Strange Land (The Stranger the Better)
Ch. 14 In the Matter of Mind
Ch. 15 The Protean Computer
Ch. 16 To Fickle Chance, and Chaos Judge the Strife
Ch. 17 Quantum Ripples

App. A The Simplest Hopfield Net and the "Canonical Cortical Microcircuit"
App. B The Tuszynski Microtubule Model
App. C Coherence and Decoherence


(목차 제목에 대한 해제)

4장 관련 : 미국의 속담 중에 “you can't teach old dogs a new trick"이란 말이 있다. 늙은 개에게 새로운 재주를 가르칠 수 없다.

7장 관련 : A leopard cannot change his spots. 제 버릇 개 못 준다. (표범이 타고난 반점을 바꿀 수 없다)

11장 관련
EPR paradox ( Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradox
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR 역설
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/코펜하겐 해석

양자이론의 교과서적 문제인 ‘슈뢰딩거의 고양이’가 실제 실험으로 구현됐다.
http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/it_tech/200708/h2007081602584723630.htm

12장 관련 : E Unus Pluribum => Of One, Many
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_pluribus_unum

13장 관련
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land

16장 관련 : Fate shall yield To fickle Chance, and Chaos judge the strife.
- John Milton, Paradise Lost (bk. II, l. 232)
17장 관련
http://public.lanl.gov/whz/images/quantumripples.pdf


(자료)

저자 : Jeffrey Satinover 제프리 새티노버
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Satinover

번역 : 김기응
http://www.europaa.net/pages/boards.shtml

(유튜브) Jeffrey Satinover, M.D on Quantum Physics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMiWBObf0lQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwWUeoLt_To

(아마존) The Quantum Brain: The Search for Freedom and the Next Generation of Man
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Brain-Search-Freedom-Generation/dp/0471333263
http://www.bookpr.co.kr/public/newbook/퀀텀브레인-보도자료완성.pdf

(위키피디아)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_brain_dynamics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mind
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mind-body_problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_free_will
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/결정론
http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/자유의지

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambu-Goldstone_boson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_broken_symmetry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosons

(유튜브) Even A Quantum Brain Isn't Free
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjWHutEz3O4

펜로즈의 양자의식 이론 과연 가능성 있는가?
http://theology.co.kr/wwwb/CrazyWWWBoard.cgi?db=koreabank&mode=read&num=468&page=3&ftype=6&fval=&backdepth=1
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Explorations/problem_with_quantum_mind_theory.htm

The Physics of Quantum Consciousness Chemistry
http://sdsu-physics.org/NaturalScience100/Topics/3Mind/4artificial_intel.html

(토론)
http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/1727-quantum-consciousness/?q=forum/topic/1727-quantum-consciousness/

(한국기술과학인 연합 게시판) 양자역학과 의식의 본질
http://scieng.net/zero/view.php?id=now&page=37&category=&sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&keyword=&select_arrange=name&desc=asc&no=13290

양자역학이 우리에게 자유의지를 준게 맞지?
http://gall.dcinside.com/list.php?id=atheism&no=108949&page=14&bbs=

Consciousness, neurobiology and quantum mechanics: The case for a connection
Stuart Hameroff
http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/springer.htm

The Quantum Brain: The Search for Freedom and the Next Generation of Man
Jeffrey Satinover
http://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Brain-Search-Freedom-Generation/dp/0471333263

찾아보기


( )안의 숫자는 퀀텀브레인의 페이지입니다.

A-Z

FPGA (173)
field programmable gate array
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array

Recueillez pour mieux sortir (75)
=> Collect for better exit
But the more it slips, the stronger the error message, the faster it once again leaps forward. Recueillez pour mieux sortir, as the French say: "Fall back, the better to advance."

XOR gate (173)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_gate

ㄱ-ㅂ

가중치 -> 연결강도

가지치기 pruning (92-93)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_pruning

강자성체 ferromagnetic (145)
반강자성체 antiferromagnetic

갱신 update (144, 145, 146, 150, 151, 162, 163)
갱신규칙 update rule,

거동 behavior (228)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior

끌어들이는 구덩이 basins of attraction (114-115, 117-118, 166, 169, 184, 234, 333, 344, 346, 391)
=> 유인영역, 끌림의 유역

난류 유동 turbulent flow (141, 158)

네번째 두뇌 fourth brain (68, 76, 86, 89, 91-92, 96, 135-138, 155, 181, 285, 360, 361)
'"네 번째 두뇌의 입력층인 망막" (76)
" 네 가지 두뇌는 모두 결국 바로 이 신경관 neural tube 으로부터 자라난다" (154)
" 네 번째 두뇌에 닿아있는 나머지 아래쪽 두뇌들로부터의 외부 영향" (138)
" 단백질, 미세소관, 세포, 두뇌(네 번째 두뇌 속에 겹쳐 쌓인 네 가지 두뇌이다)" (360)

도이치, 데이비드 David Deutsch (236, 257, 362)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Deutsch

동기화된 synchronized (145,150, 151)

뜨겁다 차갑다 놀이 hot and cold (97)

랄프 Ralph (370)
밑도 끝도 없이 ....

로저 펜로즈 (265, 372)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose

루빅스 큐빅 Rubik's Cube (304)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik's_Cube

마이클 콘래드 Michael Conrad (296, 324)
책: 생체모방, 279-357

막스 보른 Max Born
" The motion of particles follows the probability law but the probability itself propagates according to the law of causality." (238)

문턱 threshold for discharge (149)

미세소관 microtubule (283)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orch-OR

바싷루스 스테아로서모필루스 Bacillus stearothermophilus (321)

Kim HS, Damo SM, Lee S-Y, Wemmer DE, Klinman JP. Structure and hydride transfer mechanism of a moderate thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and comparison to its mesophilic and hyperthermophilic homologs. Biochemistry 2005; 44:11428-11439.

Ceccarelli C, Liang Z-X, Strickler M, Prehna G, Goldstein BM, Klinman JP, Bahnson BJ. Crystal structure and amide H/D exchange of binary complexes of alcohol dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: insight into thermostability and cofactor binding. Biochemistry 2004; 43:5266-5277.

보리스 벨루소프 Boris Belousow (152)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pavlovich_Belousov

벨루소프-자보틴스키 반응 (152,-153, 실험방법159, 170)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belousov-Zhabotinsky_reaction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatol_Zhabotinsky

바깥으로부터의 감독이나 인간의 땜질 (45)
external supervision or human tin kerers

불응기 refractory period (149, 150)
불응성 refractory (151)

ㅅ

상향식 bottom-up (157)

서관충 tubeworm (149)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_worm

Margolus and Toffoli make a interesting simile between the Zhabotinsky reaction and a reef of tubeworms. When a tubeworm feels safe, it sticks a plume out of its shell to seine the water for food. If a feeding tubeworm senses any disturbance nearby (e.g. the presence of several other feeding tubeworms), it retracts its plume and waits for a few cycles before feeding again. http://www.fourmilab.ch/cellab/manual/rules.html

세포자동자 cellular automaton, CA (143-151, 156-158, 161-162, 170-171, 177-178, 182-184)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_automaton

순환반복 iterative (141, 204, 343,344, 351, 359)

스튜어트 해머로프 Stuart Hameroff (278, 283, 372)
책 : 생체모방, 330-347
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Hameroff

스핀 유리
쩔쩔맴이 곳곳에서 널리 일어나는 물질을 '스핀 유리'라고 부른다. (294)

식물도 기억을 할 수 있을까? 식물이 빛의 세기와 파장 기억한다는 학설 나와
http://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/article.do?todo=view&atidx=0000042889

ㅇ

야릇한 끌개 strange attractor (340-341, 343, 347)

야바위판 shell game (238, 242)
컵 shell, 구슬 bead, 판돈 bet

양자 기현상 Quantum weirdness (226, 241)
- 파동입자 이중성 wave-particle duality
- 맥락 의존성 contextuality
- 비결정성 Indeterminism
- 절대적 우연 absolute chance
- 궤적의 결여 lack of trajectories
- 중첩 superpositions
- 터널링 tunneling(teleporting)

양자풀림 Quantum annealing (184, 185, 236, 237, 316, 318-319)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_annealing

에드워드 프레드킨 Edward Fredkin (158)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Fredkin

역전파 신경망 back-prop (72, 96, 97)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation

연결강도 connection strength; 가중치 weight (45, 62, 73, 90, 100)
연결강도 패턴(100)

원숭이 100만 마리 (166)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_monkey_theorem

응집체 aggregate (356, 357, 358)
양자 응집체 자체 quantum aggregate itself (358)

이상한나라의 앨리스 (279주석)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland
a blue Caterpillar smoking a hookah
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_(Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland)

ㅈ

자크 모노 Jacques Monod (182, 201, 323)
"Anything can be reduced to simple, obvious mechanical interactions. The cell is a machine; the animal is a machine; man is a machine"

Monod, Jacques, 1970/1974, BBC Interview, quoted in Beyond Chance and Necessity: A Critical Inquiry into Professor Jacques Monod’s Chance and Necessity, ed. John Lewis, London, Teilhard Centre for the Future, 1974, ix.

Beyond Chance and Necessity: a Critical Enquiry into Professor Jacques Monod's 'Chance and Necessity' (contributors: D. Bohm. T. Dobzhansky, A. Koestler, J. Lewis), ed. J. Lewis (1974)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod

잭 투신스키 Jack Tuszynski (293-295, 393-405)
http://lifeboat.com/ex/bios.jack.tuszynski

적합도 분포 Fitness Landscapes (169)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_landscape
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/FITLANDS.html
근래에 진화 생물학자들은 무척...(169)
=> Recently evolutionary biologists have found situations in nature where organisms whose ancestors were very different evolved convergently, as if certain descendants of both birds and fish were to be very similar mammals — a vastly exaggerated analogy, however. Such examples are rare in nature because the fitness landscapes are extraordinarily complex and "rugged", as it's called, with many deep but still high-energy relative minima (volcano craters high in the mountains) and many equally low energy minima (valleys) near the absolute minimum. Many different species with wildly different features can adapt equally well to the same environment — which environment , incidentally, includes each species for every other! The two dimensions in figure 8-5 imply an environment with only two critical characteristics. Natural environments have countless thousands of characteristics and would require a diagram with countless thousands of perpendicular dimensions.

전달함수 transfer function (157,177, 332)
Clearly the interior life of the neuron goes far beyond a simple " transfer function" that adds up inputs. (157)
=> 확실하게, 신경세포의 내면 생활(영성)은 입력을 모두 더하는 단순한 전달함수를 훨씬 넘어선다.
(창발성)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_life_(Catholic_theology)

전체적 global (147, 148, 150, 151)

정규 미소회로 (145)



존 홉필드 John Hopfield (105, 106, 135)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Joseph_Hopfield
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopfield_net 홉필드망

주디스 클린먼 Judith Klinman (321)
http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/jukgrp/
Klinman research group

진짜 생물에서 나타나는 전체적 처리 특성 (147)
"global processing characteristics of genuinely living systems"

진화라는 계산 과정을 거쳐 답이 나오는 환경 (170)
CA-based massively parallel machines do a particularly good job of simulationg environments such as those within which evolotion computes its solutions.
=> 진화가 (진화의) 답을 계산하는(구하는) 환경

쩔쩔맴이 있는 스핀 유리 frustrated spin glasses (111, 340)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_glass

쩔쩔매는 상태 (111, 113)

쩔쩔맴 (294)

ㅊ-ㅎ

출렁임 sloshing (101,236-239 )
출렁이다 slosh back and forth

크리스토퍼 랭턴 (162, 176, 289)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langton's_loops
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Langton
http://www.aistudy.co.kr/pioneer/Langton.C.htm
http://lslwww.epfl.ch/pages/embryonics/thesis/Chapter3.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X-gtr4pEBU

터널링 (186, 226, 230-232, 236, 238, 297, 311, 313-324, 351-352, 355-356, 358-359,395, 397-402, 413)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

토마소 토폴리 Tommaso Toffoli (149)
Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling (Scientific Computation)
Tommaso Toffoli, Norman Margolus
http://www.amazon.com/Cellular-Automata-Machines-Environment-Computation/dp/0262200600

튜보 코호넨 Teuvo Kohonen (100, 101, 105, 106)
http://www.aistudy.co.kr/neural/som_kim.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuvo_Kohonen

파리 날아다닌 거리 (140)
The Classic "Two Trains and a Fly" problem
http://primepuzzle.com/leeslightest/howfar.html
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TwoTrainsPuzzle.html
재미있는 문제입니다. 푸는 방법이 다양하네요.
(나의 계산)
1. 처음 파리가 날아서 마주오는 기차와 만난 시간(t)은 60t+20t=20 따라서 t=1/4시간
다시, 파리가 반대로 날아서 반대쪽 기차와 만나는 시간(t)은 60t +20t = 2*20*(1/4) 이를 풀면 t=1/8시간
...
그러므로 파리가 난 총 거리는 L= 60(1/4 + 1/8 + ....) 이다.
다시 정리하면 L=(60/4)(1+ 1/2 + ...)=(60/4)(1+1)=30

2. 파리가 난 시간은 마주보고 달리는 기차가 서로 부딪치게 되는 시간(=30분)과 같으므로, 난 거리는 60*(1/2)=30

패트리샤 처치랜드 Patricia Churchland (376)
"At this stage in the evolution of science, it appears highly probable that psychological processes are in fact processes of the physical brain, not, as Descartes concluded, processes of a nonphysical soul or mind......Despite the rather remote possibility that new discoveries will vindicate Descartes, materialism, like Darwinian evolution, is the more probable working hypothesis." (376-377)
Patricia Churchland, Terrence J. Sejnowski ,The Computational Brain (Computational Neuroscience), The MIT Press (February 3, 1994)

폴 에르되시 Paul Erdős (125)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s

풀림 annealing (132, 133, 134)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing
-> 양자풀림
Simulated annealing (132, 184)
Simulated annealing is a general method for making likely the escape from local minima by allowing jumps to higher energy states. The analogy here is with the process of annealing used by a craftsman in forging a sword from an alloy. He heats the metal, then slowly cools it as he hammers the blade into shape. If he cools the blade too quickly the metal will form patches of different composition; If the metal is cooled slowly while it is shaped, the constituent metals will form a uniform alloy. (Kirkpatrick et al. 1983)

하위 영역 subregions (358)

하향식 top-down (148)

휴고 드 게리스 Hugo de Garis (175-179, 182, 188, 268-269, 289, 296, 382, 400)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Garis
http://www.kurzweilai.net/hugo-de-garis

Hugo de Garis. Brain building: The genetic programming of artificial nervous systems and artificial embryos. in book ’Progress in Neural Networks, Vol. 4. ed. O.M. Omidvar, Ablex Publ. Corp., 1991.

Hugo de Garis. Artificial embryology - the genetic programming of cellular differentiation. In Artificial Life III Workshop, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, June 1992.

Hugo de Garis. Artificial embryology : The genetic programming of an artificial embryo. In Branko Soucek and the IRIS Group, editors, Dynamic, Genetic and Chaotic Programming.Wiley, 1992.

*** For a two-dimensional prototype, genetic algorithms breed the update rules for the cells (the "chromosome" contains some 90000 "genes") and there are 1 million cells. The entire structure evolves into a neural network, with about 90 cells per neuron. The result is a full-fledged, hardware- evolved neural net with nearly 40 million neurons in 32700 linked clusters. Each module is evolved in under one second.
How do neurons arise from CAs? When Christopher Langton worked out his Q-shaped self-replicating CA (figure 8-1), he ended up with a structure with an uncanny resemblance to a biological axon.(175-176)***

두뇌를 이루는 세포 속에서 양자 효과가 신경 세포의 구조에 영향을 줄 만큼 충분히 큰 규모로 일어난다고 하더라도 일상적인 삶에 영향을 줄 법 하다고 여길만한 이유가 있을까?
한 가지 대답은 이렇다. ‘인간의 두뇌 속에는 양자 효과를 붙잡아서 혼돈을 통해 증폭하는 완벽하게 설계된 구조물’이 존재한다. 그런 구조물은 모든 수준(화학 반응, 세포 내부, 망구조, 심지어 사회적 수준까지)에서 순환반복이 일어나는 형태를 띠면서 자기조직화를 한다. 그렇다면 두뇌와 인간 사회의 작용 전체는 양자 세계의 절대적 자유, 신비, 비기계성 가운데 적어도 일부를 공유할 것이다. 이 주장은 타당할까? 이에 대한 대답을 찾으려면 아인슈타인이 엇나간 곳에서부터 출발해야 한다. ( [퀀텀 브레인], 206~207쪽 )

(원문)
Even if quantum effects are present within brain cells at a sufficiently large scale to affect neuronal substructures, is there any reason to suppose that these effects possibly influence everyday life?
One answer is: There exist structures in the human brain that appear perfectly designed to capture quantum effect and amplify them via chaos, because in order to self-organize, they have adopted an iterative form at every level-chemical, intracellular, network, and even social. If so, the actions generated by the brain, and of human society as a whole, would share at least some of the absolute freedom, mysteriousness, and nonmechanicality of the quantum world. Can this claim really be right? To find a plausible answer, we need to begin where Einstein went wrong.

생체 물질의 양이 엄청난 데다 온도도 36.5℃나 되면 으레 흔들림이 생기고, 따라서 양자 효과들은 거의 모두 상쇄되어 묻혀버리게 마련이며, 그렇게 되지 않는 경우란 상상하기 어렵다. 펜로즈가 단순히 사람과 전자를 비교하는 것은 아니었지만, 양자 효과들과 살아있는 신경망 사이의 차이는 너무 컸다. 굉장한 인기를 누리기는 했으나 펜로즈의 두드러진 명성과 물리학, 수학에 기여한 공로가 무색하게도 [마음의 그림자]는 이내 의식과 물리학에 대한 대중서로 치부되어 과학자들은 진지하게 받아들이지 않았다. ( [퀀텀 브레인], 278쪽 )

(원문)
It is inconceivable that the incidental jiggling of such an enormous amount of living matter, at 98.6 degrees F, would not overwhelm any quantum effects by causing almost all to cancel out. Penrose wasn't merely making an analogy between people and electrons, but still, the gap between known quantum effects and a living net of thousands of neurons is immense. For all the book's popularity — and in spite of Penrose's genuinely stellar repuation and contributions to physics and mathematics(only Einstein himself has contributed more to the Theory of General Relativity) — Shadows of the Mind was quickly assigned to the growing heap of pop physics and consciousness books that few scientists take seriously.

(번역 교정...자연스럽게 번역한다는 것은 거의 불가능에 가깝습니다ㅠㅠ)
It is inconceivable that the incidental jiggling of such an enormous amount of living matter, at 98.6 degrees F, would not overwhelm any quantum effects by causing almost all to cancel out.

체온에서, 생체를 이루는 거대한 양의 물질은 일상적으로 움직이는데, 그 움직임이 양자효과를 압도할 뿐 아니라 완전히 소거해버린다. 그렇지 않을 것이라고 가정하는 것은 터무니없다.